
The Indicador Público de Renta de Efectos Múltiples (IPREM) or public income indicator is used in Spain for many governmental financial and analytical calculations. This figure reflects the required monthly living wage in Spain. It is updated annually at the end of the fourth quarter and determines state unemployment benefits and student scholarships for the next year.

Cyprus has emerged as one of Europe's most compelling destinations for international investors seeking permanent residency. Unlike temporary visas or conventional residency programs, Cyprus offers a lifetime status that combines strategic mobility, substantial tax advantages, and an exceptional quality of life — all accessible through a straightforward investment mechanism.

Some foreign nationals can assume that obtaining permanent residency in Cyprus requires a substantial real estate investment of 300,000 euros or more. The reality is more nuanced. A viable alternative exists in the form of Category F (Slow Track) residency — a pathway designed for financially independent individuals, retirees, and those with secure income from abroad.

Year after year, Spain holds the top position in rankings of the best countries for relocation for digital nomads and retirees. Spanish universities attract students from all around the world with their exchange programmes and language courses, and in 2024, Spain's healthcare system was ranked 7th in the world according to the Health Care Index by Country.

The Greek Golden Visa is one of the most favourable programmes for families seeking to obtain a European residence permit. It allows the entire family to be included in a single application, with no additional investment required. The visa is issued for 5 years with the right to extend and gives the whole family visa-free access to the Schengen area countries. Let's have a look at what investors considering family reunification through this programme need to know.

The Alpine region of France is world famous for its first-class ski resorts, breathtaking landscapes, Savoyard architecture of mountain chalets and traditional French cuisine. The region has been and remains a favourite vacation destination for representatives of the European aristocracy and bohemians, world celebrities and businessmen, who are attracted to local resorts not only by ski slopes, but also by a rich cultural leisure programme.
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French citizenship has historically been based on the principle of jus soli (“right of soil”), in contrast to the German definition of nationality through jus sanguinis (“right of blood”).
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In this article, we will discuss whether it is legal to have dual citizenship in France, and what the difference between dual and second citizenship is.

Pre-owned real estate in France is not just popular with buyers — it is gaining traction. According to the Notaries of France (Notaires de France), 2019 closed out a record year for the existing homes market with more than 1,000,000 transactions.

In 2025, the programme continues to operate, but now applies the updated investment thresholds introduced in 2024. The government has increased the minimum amounts for the most sought-after regions and introduced stricter criteria for property selection.

Greece Golden Visa is one of the most accessible pathways to an EU residence permit (RP), starting from 250,000 euros and requiring no minimum stay. For US citizens, it offers an ideal “Plan B”: keep your US citizenship, diversify investments, and secure long‑term optionality in Europe. In 2025, the rules changed — here is everything investors must know.

Foreign citizens in France can get income in many ways: renting out real estate, earning interest on bank deposits, starting a business, or working as an employee. All these income sources are subject to corporate tax payable to the French administration.

Owning property in France and getting a profit from it by renting is related to a number of rules and obligations to the administrative tax system of the state. Private property in France is reliably protected by law. If you are a non-resident, but have property in France, you need to pay property taxes, as well as income tax on profits from your property.

France is the country where the level of social well-being is based on an extensive and multi-stage taxation system. Taxes account for up to 90% of the country's budget revenues. They are a redistributive measure that guarantees a high level stability of the society.

Many international travelers can visit Turkey without a visa for short-term stays. However, visa requirements vary significantly by nationality, and understanding these rules is essential for a smooth entry. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about Turkish visas, residence permits, and legal stay requirements in 2025.